Reindeer, scientifically known as Rangifer tarandus, are a species of deer native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions across Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. They are the only deer species to have been domesticated. Their lives are characterized by a strong migratory instinct, with herds traveling vast distances between summer and winter grazing grounds. Reindeer are highly adapted to their cold environment; their hooves are broad, which helps them walk on snow and soft ground, and their thick fur provides excellent insulation. Their diet consists mainly of lichens, particularly reindeer moss, which they can dig for under the snow during winter. They also eat leaves from willow and birch trees, as well as grasses and sedges. Their characteristic low, guttural grunts are often heard within the herd. Historically, reindeer have been crucial to the livelihoods of indigenous peoples, such as the Sámi of Scandinavia. They were not only a source of food but also a means of transport, pulling sleds and carrying supplies. Every part of the animal was used. The meat is a lean and highly nutritious source of protein. Reindeer hides are a key material for making warm clothing, sleeping bags, and tents due to their exceptional insulating properties. The antlers, which both male and female reindeer grow, have been used for centuries to craft tools, weapons, and decorative items. When trying to spot a reindeer in the wild, it is helpful to know their typical habitats and behaviors. They are often seen in open, sparse forests and on the tundra. The best times for sightings are usually during the early morning or late evening when the animals are most active. Their camouflage can make them difficult to see, so patience and a keen eye are essential. While driving along the 83 road in Finland, we were lucky enough to spot a few reindeers. For a guaranteed close encounter with a reindeer, we strongly recommend visiting the Márkanbáiki – Sámi open-air museum or adding an experience at the Christmas Village in Rovaniemi. The connection between reindeer and Christmas is a relatively modern tradition, popularized by the 1823 poem “A Visit from St. Nicholas.” The poem introduced Santa’s original eight reindeer: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, and Blitzen. The most famous reindeer, Rudolph, was added to the story later in a 1939 book by Robert L. May. This festive imagery has cemented the reindeer’s place in popular culture as a symbol of the holiday season, embodying the spirit of winter wonder and the magic of Christmas.
